Giving Covid-19 Vaccine According To Community Understanding And Its Relationship With Qawa‘Id Fiqhiyyah Method

Pemberian Vaksin Covid-19 Menurut Kefahaman Masyarakat Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kaedah Fiqhiyyah

Abstract

The world was shocked by the contagion of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) when the disease first discovered in China in December 2019. The virus is dangerous because it can cause death in a short due to pneumonia as well as will infect other humans by simply passing through the air. The way to prevent it is via the control of human movement from having contacts with other human beings, that is, by control of movement and physical imprisonment from normal social activities so as not to be infected. However, such implementation poses other problems as human beings need social activities for economic, livelihood and educational purposes. This difficulty was overcome with the creation of a vaccine to immunize the body and become an antibody to fight Covid-19 in the event of infection. However, not all members of the community agree with this vaccination measure for certain reasons such as from the aspects of content, pharmaceutical manipulation and its treatability. As for the content aspect, Muslims become sensitive when the vaccine is said to use illegal elements in its manufacture such as from pig elements, fetuses and so on. Therefore, the study aims to examine the understanding and awareness of the public regarding the law of vaccination in Islam from the point of view of jurisprudence and methods of deduction of law. In this study, the method used is the collection of information by obtaining documents through fiqh books, journals, scholarly writings and from newspaper sources. Other methods such as the interview method are also used to obtain a more detailed explanation of the vaccinated community at the Vaccination Center (PPV) such as interviews with Assistant Medical Officers and PPV coordinators. In addition, questionnaires were also distributed to obtain information on the community's understanding of the application of fiqhiyyah methods in vaccination. The study found that the law of vaccination should be as explained by the scholars and religious institutions and this allows people to be more likely to choose to be vaccinated when as many as 90.7% who voted because it can reduce symptoms and thus avoid major emergencies.

Abstrak

Dunia dikejutkan dengan penularan Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) apabila mula ditemui di Negara China pada Disember 2019. Virus tersebut adalah berbahaya kerana menyebabkan kematian dalam tempoh yang singkat dengan mengakibatkan radang paru-paru dan seterusnya menjangkiti manusia lain dengan hanya melalui udara. Cara untuk mencegahnya adalah melalui kawalan pergerakan manusia daripada berhubung dengan manusia yang lain, iaitu dengan kawalan pergerakan dan penjarakan fizikal daripada aktiviti sosial biasa agar tidak dijangkiti. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaan tersebut menimbulkan masalah lain kerana manusia memerlukan aktiviti sosial untuk tujuan ekonomi, sara hidup dan pendidikan. Kesulitan ini diatasi dengan penciptaan vaksin untuk memberi imunisasi dalam badan dan menjadi antibodi untuk melawan Covid-19 sekiranya dijangkiti. Namun, tidak semua anggota masyarakat yang bersetuju dengan langkah vaksinasi ini atas sebab tertentu seperti aspek kandungan, manipulasi farmaseutikal dan kebolehrawatannya. Bagi aspek kandungan, umat Islam menjadi sensitif apabila vaksin tersebut dikatakan menggunakan unsur haram didalam pembuatannya seperti daripada unsur babi, janin dan sebagainya. Justeru kajian ini bermatlamatkan meneliti kefahaman dan kesedaran orang ramai berkaitan hukum vaksinasi dalam Islam daripada sudut fekah dan kaedah fiqhiyyah. Dalam kajian ini, metod yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan maklumat dengan mendapatkan dokumen melalui kitab fiqh, jurnal, penulisan ilmiah dan dari sumber akhbar. Metod lain seperti metod temubual juga digunakan untuk mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih terperinci mengenai masyarakat yang divaksin di Pusat Pemberian Vaksin (PPV) seperti temubual bersama Penolong Pegawai Perubatan dan penyelaras PPV. Selain itu, soal selidik juga diedarkan bagi mendapatkan maklumat kefahaman masyarakat mengenai aplikasi kaedah fiqhiyyah dalam pemberian vaksin. Hasil kajian mendapati, hukum pengambilan vaksin adalah harus seperti yang telah diberi penjelasan oleh para ulama dan juga institusi agama dan ini membolehkan masyarakat lebih cenderung untuk memilih divaksin apabila sebanyak 90.7% yang mengundi kerana ia dapat mengurangkan gejala dan seterusnya dapat menghindari darurat yang besar.